The AEGIS intelligent targeting system allows a Mars rover to detect, prioritize, select, and observe scientific targets on its own, without waiting for input from humans on Earth. AEGIS collects an image with a camera aboard the rover, analyzes the image to identify geological targets, chooses the target that best matches the parameters specified by operators, and then points a remote-sensing instrument at the selected target(s), all autonomously. First deployed on the MER rover Opportunity, AEGIS is currently used on the MSL mission to select targets for the Curiosity rover’s ChemCam instrument, a remote laser-induced breakdown spectrometer. While the majority of targets are still selected by humans, AEGIS allows the rover to continue its geochemical survey during periods when Earth cannot be in the loop, and has contributed measurements on hundreds of targets, and become a routine part of how we explore Mars.